What are your thoughts on wealth distribution / concentration in Bitcoin? Addresses are not people! The majority of addresses are used anonymously / pseudo-anonymously, so clustering is very difficult. Exchanges or payment processors may be holding the funds of hundreds of thousands of people in only a few addresses; at the same time, a single person could be controlling thousands of addresses with very small amounts, or a single address may be a multi-sig that is controlled by more than one person.

Cryptocurrencies in general do have poor Gini coefficients (i.e. unequal distribution) when compared to society as a whole, especially because we are still in the very early stages of adoption. However there is no sound evidence to support most of the internal wealth distribution statistics being published in the media. The implications of large numbers of bitcoin being held in very few addresses has greater implications for the storage security of custodians — and the risk of an expensive hack — than it does for wealth distribution.

RELATED:
Investing in Education Instead of Speculation – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uXAbJQoZlE
The 21 million supply cap – https://youtu.be/AABkJ55Zz3A
How long until mainstream adoption? – https://youtu.be/y3cKBDBabtA
How do I choose a wallet? – https://youtu.be/tN6b62sEpsY
Hyperbitcoinization – https://youtu.be/AB5MU5fXKfo
The Stories We Tell About Money – https://youtu.be/ONvg9SbauMg
How much bitcoin do you have? – https://youtu.be/DJtM9mR7cOU
HODLing and the “get free” scheme – https://youtu.be/MhOwmsW1YNI
Separation of money and state – https://youtu.be/jGmtRA9S7_Y
How do I secure my bitcoin? – https://youtu.be/vt-zXEsJ61U
Hot vs. cold wallets – https://youtu.be/Aji_E9sw0AE

This was part of the first monthly live Patreon Q&A session on November 27th, 2017. If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonop

Andreas M. Antonopoulos is a technologist and serial entrepreneur who has become one of the most well-known and respected figures in bitcoin.

Follow on Twitter: @aantonop https://twitter.com/aantonop
Website: https://antonopoulos.com/

He is the author of two books: “Mastering Bitcoin,” published by O’Reilly Media and considered the best technical guide to bitcoin; “The Internet of Money,” a book about why bitcoin matters.

THE INTERNET OF MONEY, v1: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Internet-Money-collection-Andreas-Antonopoulos/dp/1537000454/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8

[NEW] THE INTERNET OF MONEY, v2: https://www.amazon.com/Internet-Money-Andreas-M-Antonopoulos/dp/194791006X/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8

MASTERING BITCOIN: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Mastering-Bitcoin-Unlocking-Digital-Cryptocurrencies/dp/1449374042

[NEW] MASTERING BITCOIN, 2nd Edition: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Bitcoin-Programming-Open-Blockchain/dp/1491954388

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48 COMMENTS

  1. You used yourself as a use case for the number of addresses a user may use within a set period. Do you have any quantitative data to look at that shows how many individuals experience a user journey similar to yours?

  2. greetings I am an enthusiast of the cryptocurrencies I have been following since 2010 I am from Venezuela when the president evenincio the oil I felt a lot of emotion and because I felt that one way and another our country would join the network of the chain of blocks. WOULD YOU LIKE TO CONCER YOUR OPINION OF THE VENEZUELAN PETRO? as a solution to the twoday pain attack and the economic crisis in which we live? and your suggestions about it

  3. I think at the end he forgot to stress that he's taking about hacks on these exchanges that concentrate wallet addresses not on the bitcoin network itself which is only at threat of the very improbable 51% attack. these exchanges that concentrate wallets in custodial accounts are not miners validating the network. So when he's saying when at attack will happen he means on the exchange that relies on conventional encryption and not on the blockchain consensus security.

  4. There is a problem when the addresses hold small amounts of Bitcoin because transaction fees are determined by the amount of data the transaction sends. A transaction combining, say, ten addresses with small amounts to send a larger amount will have a much larger transaction fee, correct? With these high transaction fees on Bitcoin core, they effectively have frozen the addresses with small amounts in them because the transaction fee to send them is such a high percentage of the value.

  5. Here is how I see the scalability problem.

    Every transaction will eventually need to be processed on the blockchain. You can try to find ways to do things off chain. But you will eventually need to enter those transactions on the chain.

    If bitcoin is to become a widely used currency, that means millions and millions of transactions every hour of every day.

    And so each and every node on the chain will need to be able to process those millions and millions of transactions every hour. If you think they will one day have decentralized laptops and decentralized home miners, I think you are delusional. Bitcoin is pretty much unsustainable as a widely accepted currency.

  6. Great video aantonop, I totally agree with you when you say it's a matter of when, not if. A question for you, could you help me decide if I should invest in this Crypto Debit Card ICO. Looks like the the next Monaco or TenX. Id be happy if it reaches even half the price Monaco reached a month after launch. Let me know. Here’s the link to their page <www.amon.tech>

  7. Meh, those complaints about bitcoin wealth distribution you hear are from losers who didn't get in early enough and now can't afford a whole bitcoin. So they whine about it, not understanding the high divisibility means that everyone can have a place at the table if they want it. The fact is they can stop their whining and buy whatever fraction of a bitcoin they can afford right now, but instead they'd rather bash because it's not them doing the winning.

  8. wealth distribution on Bitcoin is likely to mirror wealth distribution in the real world. Cryptocurrencies are just systems. They can remove habitually immoral parties from the equation (eg banks, central government), and this will obviously have some good effect, but they do not alter our human ethical environment, our personal financial objectives, etc. The majority of people are relatively poor compared to a minority who are relatively wealthy. The distribution of Bitcoin will mirror this, until something changes at the deeper ethical level.

  9. So what if the grid gets wiped out? (EMP’s for example) then we are all back at square one trading various physical items with a corresponding monetary value… something to consider. Then it could be assumed that the people who have accumulated the most precious metals and gems will have the most power and influence, which is not much different then it is now.

  10. Wealth is not distributet equaly in any society. Thats why Andreas`s work is so important. To let the common guy learn about bitcoin so balance can be restored. I accualy hope poor countries get to learn about bitcoin faster than rich countries.

  11. 1 address can be associated with multiple people (ex. exchanges/multisig)
    many addresses can be associated with a single person (ex. HD wallets)

    These statistics are basically useless unless you want to spread misinformation.

  12. Why can't we parse out the wallets that make up the 1% Bitocin worth on the top end and the X% of wallets that contain less than $1-2 as that is usually from dust or just not statistically significant?

  13. Any human endeavor results in uneven distribution given the fact that humans themselves are not equal to one another. Most people who hold thousands of bitcoins are the ones who believed in it early on. That risked their money on some weird project on the internet that nobody cared about. Now when it's become very successful everyone wants a piece of it and complain that they don't have as much as the early adopters. No one would complain about uneven distribution if the Bitcoin project had failed.

  14. Every time you select receive on your Wallet (ie Ledger Nano) it creates a new address.
    So anyone with say 10 Bitcoins that has been buying them in small batches for the last year could easily have 20-40 addresses.
    It's the magic of the wallet software that compiles all those small amounts in each address and displays your total amount.

  15. It would have been good for andreas to specific that an individual wallet or server might get hacked and the private keys gained access to, but NOT the bitcoin network itself – to someone ignorant this is very important

  16. Simply saying exchanges have a small amount of bitcoin addresses doesn't completely justify an argument against the statistic. There is a huge level of inequity with Bitcoin right now, that's just a fact. Pretending this is any different than oil tycoons who got in early in the 19th century is both naive and dangerous information to spread.

  17. Sorry, I'm not on the technical side yet, thus a question:
    How does Coinbase (or a similar exchange) redistribute the Bitcoins of its customers, having much fewer cryptocurrency-addresses? Basically, they have control on this distribution, i.e., they keep the (extra) records, how big is the part of a wallet every particular account holds?

  18. I think your response to the first question shows an intrinsic problem with Bitcoin as it currently stands. If I have lots of physical change, I can put it together, and either spend it as one sum, or bank it for a total number. With Bitcoin, your 75 cent adresses are effectively unusable since the transfer fees for the network are extraordinarily high for small transactions. Please comment? Thanks Andreas.

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